The National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) is the primary piece of environmental legislation in South Africa. It was enacted in 1998 and forms the basis for environmental management in the country. The Act establishes a framework for environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources. It provides for the management of activities that impact on the environment, such as environmental impact assessments and waste management. NEMA also establishes the legal basis for public participation in environmental decision-making and the promotion of environmental education and awareness. The Act is enforced by a range of regulatory bodies, including the Department of Environmental Affairs and the provincial environmental departments. NEMA has been amended several times since its enactment to align with changing environmental realities and requirements.